therapōn 'attendant, ritual substitute'

This is the first occurrence of the noun therapōn in the Iliad; the dual form here is theraponte. In the immediate context, only the surface meaning, ‘attendant’, is evident. In ot ... Continue reading

analysis of the phrase therapōn of Ares (here, as applied to the Achaeans as an aggregate of warriors)This is the second occurrence of the noun therapōn in the Iliad; the plural fo ... Continue reading

This is the first Iliadic occurrence of the noun therapōn in the singular; at I.01.321, this noun occurs in the dual; at I.02.110, it occurs in the plural. Besides the surface mean ... Continue reading

In this context, plural therapontes indicates the ‘attendants’ of the king Idomeneus.For a complete list of Iliadic occurrences of therapōn see the comment on I.01.321.In this cont ... Continue reading

The hero Mudōn is identified here as both a therapōn ‘attendant, ritual substitute’ and a hēni-okhos ‘chariot driver’. The collocation of these nouns therapōn ‘attendant, ritual su ... Continue reading

The hero Kalēsios is identified here at I.06.018 as the therapōn ‘attendant’ of the hero Axulos, who is named at I.06.12–13. In the immediate context, at I.06.018, only the surface ... Continue reading

In the immediate context, at I.06.053, only the surface meaning of therapōn as ‘attendant’ is evident.For a complete list of Iliadic occurrences of therapōn see the comment on I.01 ... Continue reading

analysis of the phrase therapōn of Ares (here, as applied to the Achaeans as an aggregate of warriors)In contexts where the plural therapontes in combination with Arēos ‘of Ares’ i ... Continue reading

In the immediate context, only the surface meaning of therapontes as ‘attendants’ is evident.For a complete list of Iliadic occurrences of therapōn see the comment on I.01.321.In t ... Continue reading

In the immediate context, only the surface meaning of therapōn as ‘attendant’ is evident.For a complete list of Iliadic occurrences of therapōn see the comment on I.01.321.In the i ... Continue reading

In contexts where the plural therapontes in combination with Arēos ‘of Ares’ is applied to the Achaeans=Danaans=Argives (at I.07.382 here, to the Danaoi) as a grouping of warriors, ... Continue reading

In contexts where the plural therapontes in combination with Arēos ‘of Ares’ is applied to the Achaeans=Danaans=Argives (here, to the ‘two Ajaxes’) as a grouping of warriors, the d ... Continue reading

analysis of therapōn, this verse as an example of the prevailing application of the word as ‘warrior’s companion’Diomedes is speaking to Nestor, saying that the old hero’s chariot ... Continue reading

The dual theraponte here at I.08.113 is referring to Sthenelos and Eurymedon, named at I.08.114, who as we know from related contexts are respectively the chariot drivers of Diomed ... Continue reading

The hero Eniopeus son of Thebaios is here both the hēni-okhos ‘chariot driver’ and the therapōn ‘attendant, ritual substitute’ of Hector. When Diomedes throws his spear at Hector, ... Continue reading

In contexts where the plural therapontes in combination with Arēos ‘of Ares’ is applied to the Achaeans=Danaans=Argives (here, to the ‘two Ajaxes’) as a grouping of warriors, the d ... Continue reading

Diomedes and Odysseus agree to fight as a team, I.11.310–319. Diomedes throws a spear at Thumbraios, who is riding on a chariot and who gets knocked to the ground by the piercing w ... Continue reading

The immediate context here shows that the therapōn ‘attendant, ritual substitute’ is a chariot driver. He is not named. Nor is he described explicitly as a hēni-okhos ‘chariot driv ... Continue reading

Eurymedon here is explicitly called the therapōn of Nestor, functioning as the ‘attendant’ of the old hero: at this moment, Eurymedon is taking care of the horse team of Patroklos, ... Continue reading

analysis of therapōn, this verse as an example of the prevailing application of the word as ‘attendant’In the immediate context, only the surface meaning of therapōn as ‘attendant’ ... Continue reading

In the immediate context, the plural therapontes functions as a virtual synonym of a word used elsewhere, hēni-okhoi ‘chariot drivers’.For a complete list of Iliadic occurrences of ... Continue reading

The immediate context shows that the hero Asios has a hēni-okhos ‘chariot driver’ who is also the therapōn ‘attendant, ritual substitute’ of Asios precisely because he is the chari ... Continue reading

analysis of therapōn, this verse as an example of the prevailing application of the word as ‘warrior’s companion’In the immediate context, where Meriones is highlighted as therapōn ... Continue reading

Idomeneus together with Meriones as his therapōn ‘attendant, ritual substitute’ take their stand side by side on the battlefield.Idomeneus together with Meriones as his therapōn ‘a ... Continue reading

While the hero Asios is fighting pezos ‘on foot’ against the Achaeans, I.13.385, the two horses that draw his chariot are right behind him, practically breathing down his neck—that ... Continue reading

A nameless therapōn is mentioned here in passing: he happens to be the ‘attendant’ of the hero Agenor.For a complete list of Iliadic occurrences of therapōn, see the comment on I.0 ... Continue reading

A nameless therapōn is mentioned here in passing: he happens to be the ‘attendant’ of the hero Eurypylos.A nameless therapōn is mentioned here in passing: he happens to be the ‘att ... Continue reading

Hector is throwing his spear at the hero Ajax but misses, and the flying spear hits instead the hero Lykophron, described here as the therapōn of Ajax, I.15.431. So, Lykophron as t ... Continue reading

In contexts where the plural therapontes in combination with Arēos ‘of Ares’ is applied to the Achaeans=Danaans=Argives (at I.06.067, to the Danaoi) as a grouping of warriors, the ... Continue reading

analysis of therapōn, this verse as an example of where Patroklos’ being Achilles’ therapōn takes the meaning beyond ‘warrior’s companion’Here, for the first time in the Iliad, Pat ... Continue reading

Here, for the second time in the Iliad, Patroklos is marked as the therapōn of Achilles. His dual role as ‘attendant’ and ‘ritual substitute’ is already implicit.For a complete lis ... Continue reading

analysis of therapōn, Patroklos’ qualifying as Achilles’ therapōn only so long as he stays by Achilles’ sideIn the words of Patroklos, there are warriors and then there are therapo ... Continue reading

As Patroklos rides off to battle, soon to die as the ritual substitute of Achilles, we see here standing next to him on the chariot his very own therapōn. It becomes clear, as the ... Continue reading

In the first round of this duel of Patroklos and Sarpedon as chariot fighters, Patroklos is the first to aim his spear at Sarpedon, and then Sarpedon in turn aims at Patroklos, I.1 ... Continue reading

analysis of therapōn, this verse as an example of where Patroklos’ being Achilles’ therapōn takes the meaning beyond ‘warrior’s companion’Before the duel of Patroklos and Hector as ... Continue reading

After having just killed Patroklos, Hector goes after Automedon, who is evidently still standing on the platform of the chariot and who is marked here as the therapōn of Achilles. ... Continue reading

In this retrospective, it is said that Patroklos has been killed as a therapōn of Achilles, who is described here as ‘best of the Achaeans’. The immediate context accommodates here ... Continue reading

The Argives=Achaeans are described here as attended by therapontes who are ankhe-makhoi ‘fighting side by side’ with them.For a complete list of Iliadic occurrences of therapōn, se ... Continue reading

analysis of therapōn, this verse as an example of where Patroklos’ being Achilles’ therapōn takes the meaning beyond ‘warrior’s companion’Another retrospective: Patroklos has been ... Continue reading

analysis of therapōn, this verse as an example of where Patroklos’ being Achilles’ therapōn takes the meaning beyond ‘warrior’s companion’Yet another retrospective: Patroklos has b ... Continue reading

Yet again, a retrospective: Patroklos has been killed as a therapōn of Achilles.For a complete list of Iliadic occurrences, see the comment on I.01.321.Yet again, a retrospective: ... Continue reading

In contexts where the dual theraponte in combination with Arēos ‘of Ares’ is applied to the Achaeans=Danaans=Argives (here, to the pair of Diomedes and Odysseus) as a grouping of w ... Continue reading

analysis of the phrase therapōn of Ares (here, as applied to the Achaeans as an aggregate of warriors)Agamemnon addresses his fellow warriors here as therapontes (plural) of Ares. ... Continue reading

analysis of therapōn, this verse as an example of the prevailing application of the word as ‘attendant’Agamemnon here refers to his unnamed attendants as therapontes. Agamemnon her ... Continue reading

First, the chariot fighter is killed. Then and only then is the chariot driver, the therapōn, also killed: he is pierced in the back by a javelin as he turns the chariot team aroun ... Continue reading

The spirit of the dead Patroklos is recounting how Peleus had entrusted Patroklos as a therapōn to Achilles.See the comment for I.01.321 for a complete list of Iliadic occurrences ... Continue reading

Meriones is consistently marked as the therapōn of Idomeneus, just as Patroklos is the therapōn of Achilles. Though Meriones as a therapōn of Idomeneus is a ritual substitute for t ... Continue reading

See anchor comment at I.23.113 on Meriones as therapōn of Idomeneus.For a complete list of the Iliadic occurrences therapōn see the comment on I.01.321.See anchor comment at I.23.1 ... Continue reading

See anchor comment at I.23.113 on Meriones as therapōn of Idomeneus.See the comment on I.01.321 for a complete list of Iliadic occurrences of therapōn.See anchor comment at I.23.11 ... Continue reading

See anchor comment at I.23.113 on Meriones as therapōn of Idomeneus.See comment on I.01.321 for a complete list of Iliadic occurrences of therapōn.See anchor comment at I.23.113 on ... Continue reading

See anchor comment at I.23.113 on Meriones as therapōn of Idomeneus.See comment on I.01.321 for a complete list of Iliadic occurrences of therapōn.See anchor comment at I.23.113 on ... Continue reading

In speaking to Priam, the god Hermes disguises himself as a therapōn of Achilles. It is as if he were the spirit of the dead Patroklos, the other self of Achilles himself.For a com ... Continue reading

See the comment on I.24.393.See again the comment on I.24.393.See again the comment on I.24.393. ... Continue reading

The two heroes Automedon and Alkimos are both marked as therapontes of Achilles, I.24.573, by virtue of this detail: Achilles honored the two of them more than anyone else after th ... Continue reading

In the immediate context, here at O.18.424, only the surface meaning of therapōn as ‘attendant’ is evident. In the immediate context, here at O.18.424, only the surface meaning of ... Continue reading